Wildlife and Big Five Safaris in Uganda and Rwanda

Tree-climbing lions, Nile hippos, Rothschild's giraffes, rhinos on foot and elephants on the Kazinga Channel. East Africa's savannah, without the crowds.

Uganda and Rwanda are famous for primates, but their savannah parks deliver classic big-game safaris too, often with a fraction of the vehicles you'd share a sighting with in the Masai Mara or Serengeti. Add gorillas and chimps, and you get a combination no other region offers.

Where to see the Big Five

AnimalBest places
LionQueen Elizabeth (including Ishasha's tree-climbers), Murchison Falls, Kidepo, Akagera
LeopardQueen Elizabeth (Mweya, Kasenyi), Murchison, Lake Mburo on night drives, Akagera
ElephantQueen Elizabeth, Murchison, Kidepo, Akagera
BuffaloEverywhere in savannah parks, with huge herds in Kidepo
RhinoZiwa Rhino Sanctuary (Uganda, on foot), Akagera (Rwanda: black and white)

More detail is in the Big Five in Uganda.

The savannah parks

Queen Elizabeth

Kasenyi game drives, the Kazinga Channel cruise and Ishasha lions.

Murchison Falls

Giraffes, big herds, the Nile launch trip and the falls.

Kidepo Valley

Remote Karamoja, cheetahs and buffalo herds in the hundreds.

Lake Mburo

Zebras and impala, with walking and horseback safaris.

Akagera

Rwanda's Big Five comeback park, with boat trips on Lake Ihema.

More than game drives

  • Boat safaris: the Kazinga Channel, the Nile to the foot of Murchison Falls, and Lake Ihema. See boat cruise safaris.
  • On foot: rhino tracking at Ziwa, and walking safaris in Lake Mburo.
  • Night drives in Lake Mburo, Akagera and Queen Elizabeth.
  • Lion tracking with researchers in Queen Elizabeth.
  • Hot-air balloon flights over Murchison's plains.

Gorillas and wildlife together

A 7–10 day route through Murchison or Queen Elizabeth plus Bwindi covers savannah, chimps and gorillas in one trip. It is the most popular itinerary we run. See the gorilla and wildlife combo.

Wildlife checklist for Uganda and Rwanda

GroupSpecies you may see
Big catsLion (including tree-climbing lions), leopard, cheetah (Kidepo), serval, caracal
Large herbivoresElephant, buffalo, hippo, white rhino (Ziwa), black and white rhino (Akagera), Rothschild's and Masai giraffe
AntelopesUganda kob, topi, Jackson's hartebeest, waterbuck, eland, impala, oribi, bushbuck, sitatunga, reedbuck, duikers, kudu (Kidepo), roan (Akagera, Pian Upe)
PrimatesMountain gorilla, chimpanzee, golden monkey, black-and-white colobus, red colobus, L'Hoest's monkey, baboons, vervets
Other mammalsWarthog, giant forest hog, spotted and striped hyena, jackals, mongooses, zebra
ReptilesNile crocodile, monitor lizards, chameleons
BirdsShoebill, crowned crane, fish eagle, kingfishers, bee-eaters, turacos and over 1,000 more

A sample 7-day wildlife safari

  1. Day 1: Kampala to Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary to track rhinos on foot, then on to Murchison Falls.
  2. Day 2: a game drive on the north bank for giraffes, lions and elephants, and the afternoon launch to the falls.
  3. Day 3: the top of the falls, then drive to Kibale.
  4. Day 4: chimpanzee trekking, then continue to Queen Elizabeth.
  5. Day 5: Kasenyi game drive and the Kazinga Channel cruise.
  6. Day 6: the Ishasha tree-climbing lions, then Lake Mburo, or on to Bwindi for gorillas.
  7. Day 7: a Lake Mburo walking safari, then return to Entebbe.

Our 9-day Uganda primates and Big Five safari covers this route with gorillas added.

Best time for wildlife

Game viewing is best in the dry seasons (June–September and December–February), when grass is short and animals concentrate around water. Kidepo is best from November to March. The wet seasons bring green landscapes, newborn animals, excellent birding and fewer visitors, and game viewing is still good in Queen Elizabeth and Murchison. See best time to visit.

Game drive tips

  • Go early. The first two hours after sunrise are the best time for predators.
  • Bring binoculars for everyone and a camera with a zoom lens.
  • Wear neutral colours and layers. Mornings are cool and afternoons hot.
  • Stay in the vehicle unless your guide says it's safe.
  • Be patient. Waiting at a sighting often rewards you with behaviour.

Where to stay on a wildlife safari

For savannah parks, choose lodges inside or close to the park, so you're in position for dawn drives. At Queen Elizabeth, the Mweya peninsula or Kasenyi. At Murchison, the north bank near Paraa. At Akagera, a lakeshore or northern lodge. At Kidepo, Apoka. We match lodges to your budget. See luxury safaris and budget safaris.

Uganda wildlife vs Kenya and Tanzania

Kenya's Masai Mara and Tanzania's Serengeti have greater game density and the wildebeest migration. Uganda and Rwanda offer fewer vehicles, gorillas and chimps, unusual species such as tree-climbing lions, shoebills and Uganda kob, and a more varied landscape of forests, mountains, lakes and savannah. For travellers who want primates plus big game, Uganda is hard to beat. Many first-time safari-goers visit both regions on separate trips.

Boat safaris: wildlife from the water

Uganda's rivers and lakes offer some of Africa's best boat safaris. On the Kazinga Channel in Queen Elizabeth, you glide past hundreds of hippos, buffalo and elephants at the water's edge, crocodiles on the banks, and flocks of pelicans and skimmers. On the Nile in Murchison Falls, the launch trip heads upstream to the foot of the falls past elephants, giraffes, hippos and huge crocodiles. In Lake Mburo and on Lake Ihema in Akagera, smaller boats give intimate views of hippos and birds. Boat safaris are relaxing, suit all ages, and are excellent for photography. See boat cruise safaris.

Walking safaris

Seeing wildlife on foot is thrilling. At Ziwa, you track white rhinos with rangers. In Lake Mburo, you walk among zebras, eland and impala. Kidepo and Queen Elizabeth offer guided nature walks, and in Kibale and Bwindi, forest walks reveal primates and birds. Walking safaris focus on tracks, plants and smaller creatures, as well as big animals.

Uganda's conservation success stories

Uganda's wildlife suffered badly in the 1970s and 1980s, when poaching wiped out rhinos and reduced elephants and other species. Since then, populations have recovered strongly. Elephant numbers in Queen Elizabeth and Murchison have grown significantly, and mountain gorillas have increased. White rhinos are breeding again at Ziwa, and Rothschild's giraffes have been moved to new areas. Tourism revenue is a key part of this recovery. Your visit helps fund rangers, research and community programmes.

Photography on game drives

  • A 100–400 mm or 150–600 mm zoom lens covers most wildlife.
  • Use a beanbag on the vehicle's pop-up roof or window for stability.
  • Shoot in the early and late light, and avoid harsh midday sun.
  • Ask your guide to position the vehicle with the sun behind you.
  • Switch off the engine at sightings to reduce vibration (your guide will do this).

Night game drives

After dark, a different cast of animals appears. Night drives in Lake Mburo, Akagera and parts of Queen Elizabeth use spotlights to find leopards, hyenas, genets, civets, porcupines, bushbabies and nightjars. Rules vary by park, and places are limited, so we book them in advance. Night drives add excitement to any wildlife safari.

Wildlife safari tours

4 Days Queen Elizabeth wildlife and Chimpanzee Trekking Tour

2 DAY CHIMPANZEE AND RHINO TREKKING SAFARI

5-Day Murchison Falls National Park and Kibale Forest Natioal Park Tour

8 Day Gorilla Trekking and wildlife Tour

9 DAY UGANDA PRIMATES & BIG FIVE SAFARI

12-Day Tour Wildlife, Chimps and Gorilla Trekking

3-Day Rwanda Big Five Safari Tour

3 DAY AKAGERA NATIONAL PARK TOUR

4-Day Rwanda Game Drive and Gorilla Trekking

Frequently asked questions

Can I see the Big Five in Uganda?

Yes, across different sites: lions, leopards, elephants and buffalo in the national parks, and rhinos at Ziwa Rhino Sanctuary.

Is Uganda good for a first safari?

Yes, especially if you want primates as well as big game. Game density is lower than in the Serengeti, but so are the crowds.

Which park has the most animals?

Queen Elizabeth and Murchison Falls have the richest game viewing. Kidepo is the wildest.

What animals can I see in Rwanda?

Akagera has lions, leopards, elephants, buffalo, rhinos, giraffes and zebras. Volcanoes and Nyungwe add gorillas, golden monkeys, chimps and colobus.

Do I need binoculars on safari?

Yes. A good pair (8x42 or 10x42) for each traveller makes game drives and birding far more rewarding.

Where can I see elephants in Uganda?

Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls and Kidepo have the largest populations, often seen from the Kazinga Channel and Nile boat trips.

Can I see leopards in Uganda?

Yes, most often in Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls and on night drives in Lake Mburo, but sightings take luck.

How many days do I need for a wildlife safari in Uganda?

Five to seven days covers two savannah parks, such as Murchison and Queen Elizabeth, plus chimps. Add 2–3 days for gorillas.

Which is better for wildlife, Murchison or Queen Elizabeth?

Both are excellent. Murchison has giraffes and the falls, and Queen Elizabeth has the Kazinga Channel and tree-climbing lions. Many itineraries include both.

Can I see tree-climbing lions?

Yes, in the Ishasha sector of Queen Elizabeth National Park, one of the few places in the world where lions regularly climb trees.

What is the best wildlife safari in Uganda for first-timers?

A 7–9 day trip covering Murchison Falls (with Ziwa rhinos), Kibale and Queen Elizabeth, with Bwindi gorillas if time allows.

Is a wildlife safari in Uganda safe?

Yes. Guides know the parks well and follow park rules, and walking activities are led by armed rangers.

Do I need a 4x4 for a wildlife safari?

Yes, ideally. Park tracks can be rough and muddy, and a pop-up roof gives the best views and photos.

Ready to plan your safari?

Tell us your dates, budget and interests. We reply within 24 hours with a costed itinerary.